Improvement in steam-radiators



2 Sheets-Sheet 1.

W. 11. BROWN. V Steam Radiators.

Patented March 12,1878.

- WITNESSES INVENTOR wa m m ATTORNEYS N. Firms} PHO 2 Sheets"-Sheet 2.

W. H BROWN. Steam Radiators.

No. 201,091. Patented March 12, I878.

WITNESSES a ATTORNEYS Na FEES PHOTOLUTHOGRAFHEH, WASHINGTON, D C.

Unrrnn STATES 1 PATENT OFFICE.

s. BROWN, or SAME PLACE.

IM PROVEM ENT N STEAM-RADIATQRS.

Specification forming part of Letters Patent No.

June 12,- 1877.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, WILLIAM H. BROWN, of Indianapolis, in the county ofMarion and State of Indiana, have invented certain new and usefulImprovements in Steam-Radiator Stoves; and I do hereby declare thefollowing to be a full, clear, and exact description of the invention,such as will enable others skilled in the art to which it pertains tomake and use it, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, whichform part of this specification.

My invention is designed to furnish a steamheat-radiating stove, adaptedto be used in any apartment, in substitution for the ordinary stovesradiating heat from a close-bodied surface; my object being to provide asteam-radiator constructed in form of a magazine or base-burnin g stove,and which shall be adapted for use in any apartment, similar to the useof stoves well known, and which, in addition to such function, will beconstructed to convey heat therefrom into apartments other than those inwhich the radiator is immediately used. This will allow apartments to bewarm ed by steam-heat radiation at an expense approximately not greaterthan that attendant upon furnishing the usual close-bodied stoves,thusafi'ording all the advantages incident to this mode of heating,without the heavy expense incurred under the steam-heating apparatus nownecessary. The construction resembles that of magazine-stoves, andpermits the location of the radiator in any place and under surroundingconditions the same as those adapted for said magazine-stoves while, infurther improvement, other suites of rooms can be supplied with heatedair, conducted thereto after passage through the space intervals formedby the steam-pipes of this stoveradiator.

I provide a reservoir attachment which maintains the line of water-levelconstant in the boiler, and preserves a regular feed of water to supplythat exhausted under the generation of steam.

An automatic heat-regulator, consisting of a piston-gage actuated by thesteam-pressure of the boiler, operates a sliding damper, by

201,091, dated March 12, 1878; application filed means of anintermediate connecting-rod, the said gage being adjustably regulated,so that upon the steam reaching any predetermined degree of pressure,the same may close the damper, thus shutting oi the draft and keepingthe fire under limited action. Upon lessening the generation of steam,the same mechanism, under reverse operation, serves to supply thecombustion with greater draft.

A further improvement consists in providing the flat horizontal body ofthe grated firepot witha shaker having a close conical formation in itscenter and horizontal radial arms. These arms move over the grate of thefire-pot as the shaker is operated, and act as anticlinker mechanism,since their action breaks up any union of the waste-material products,and prevents that cementing of them which otherwise would block thegrate. This also causes the process of combustion to be carried on moststrongly about the outer part of the fire-chamber, and leaves thatportion of the same immediately under the fuel-cylinder cool, and freedfrom the intense heat otherwise centered at this point.

I have thus constructed a steam-radiator stove which is self-feeding infuel, self-acting in maintaining a constant water-level in thesteam-generating boiler, and self-regulating in controlling the heat tobe radiated from its steam-surface.

Referring to the drawings, Figure l represents my stove as seen from oneside. Fig. 2 shows the same-in a different side view. Fig. 3 is avertical central section through line as a; of Fig. 1.. Fig. 4. is atransverse section through line y y of Fig. 1. Fig. 5 shows the fire-potand shaker detached from the stove. Fig. 6 is a detail sectional view ofthe reservoir attachment, and Fig. 7 a similar view of theheat-regulating device.

The fuel-magazine A'is located in the central vertical body of thestove, with its feedopening a, diagonally inclined in its passagethrough the top plate B, while its base connects with the centralopening Gin the steamboiler D. This latter is formed so as to have itsouter side d extend down about the firechamber, and its inner centralbody (1 ex tend down within the fire-chamber, thus exposing a large areaof heating-surface to the action of the fire.

The products of combustion circulate about the boiler and find directexit out through the flue E, which latter leads into the fire-chamberthrough the outer side body al of the boiler. The central opening 0 ofthis boiler serves as a continuation of the fuel-magazine, and itsconnection with the fire-chamber enables the stove to act as abaseburner, while the boiler thus obtains both an inner and an outerheating-surface.

Extending upward from the boiler in annular series about thefuel-magazine, and capped by the top plate B, are the steam-chambers F,which m. y be in one or more annular series; but preferably I constructthem in a series of three. These chambers admit steam from the boiler upin them, and, by their heated surfaces, radiate warmth into theatmosphere about them. They may be single chambers,

terminating just below the under surface of the top plate B, or theirends. may be welded to the latter; or, instead of either of the abovetwo ways, the extremities of one or more pairs of the said chambers maybe bent and connected together.

An opening, G, is made in the top of this plate, adapted to receive asuitable hot-air pipe connection with other rooms in the building. Asthe caloric currents pass from the spaces between the uprightsteam-chambers up into this opening, they can convey a large amount ofheated air into the upper rooms.

If desired, a marble slab may be fitted upon this top plate, similar tothose used in ordinary steam-radiators; but such a provision is entirelyoptional.

In order to preserve aconstantlevel of water in the boiler, I providethe reservoir attachment H, (shown in detail in Fig. 6 of the drawin'gs,) and which is secured to the outer horizontal body of the boiler.Its lower extremity extends down into the same below the waterline. Itis preferably screwed into a correspondingly-tapped hole of theboiler-plate, and is approximately included in the circular plane of thestove. lt is funnel-shaped at its upper extremity to allow of the readyintroduction of water, and is provided with an auxiliary steam-pipe, J,connecting its upper portion with the side of the boiler, just at thewater-line of the latter.

The lower portions of both the reservoir and its steam-pipe are equippedwith valves or stop-cocks K K, respectively controlling their connectionwith the boiler, while the cock L controls the connection of the upperportion of the reservoir with its funnel-shaped feed-opening. Theconnecting-rod l is preferably used, allowing the two lower cocks to bejointly operated in opening and closing their boiler-connectionsimultaneously with the opposite action of the upper cook, the objectbeing to close. both the lower cocks or valves when the upper cook orvalve is open, and the reverse. But this connection of the severalvalves is entirely arbitrary with the construction of any single stove,and does not enter into my invention.

The glass gage M, connecting with the boiler, accurately indicates theheight of water therein, and after filling the boiler with the propervolume of water, as shown by said gage, the lower valves are closed andthe upper valve opened. Water is then fed into the reservoir until thelatter is filled, when the upper valve is closed. This allows the waterin the reservoir to pass into the boiler until the line of water in thelatter and in the extremity h of the reservoir is the same. As steam isgenerated, its downward pressure upon the surface of water in the boilerwill cause the latter to pass up through the extremity it, since this,as well as the steam-pipe J, is now below the line of water in theboiler; but upon this line of water falling level with the opening intopipe J steam will escape through the latter, and exert pressure upon theupper surface of water in the reservoir, thus counterbalancing thetendency of the water to rise in the reservoir, and maintaining aconstant line level in both the reservoir and the boiler.

As the water in the reservoir becomes exhausted the operation of fillingthe latter is repeated, and thus the water in the boiler is caused tomaintain the same level constantly. In Fig. 7 is shown myheat-regulating mechanism, consisting of a piston, b, working in asuitable casing secured to the boiler-casting, and, through aconnecting-pipe, is operated by the steam-pressure therein. The pistonis provided with a spiral spring, 0, which exerts a constant yieldingpressure upon it, and tends to move it downward as allowed by the steambeneath, thus insuring the descent of the damper -rod d and opening ofthe sliding damper f.

As the steam varies in generation, the damper operates automatically tocounterbalance such variation, and index-finger g, moving over thegraduated plate or scale 1', indicates accurately the amount ofsteam-pressure on head; and to allow such indication after the damperhas reached its extreme upper movement, the spiral formation 70 is madein the body of the damper-rod. This gives the upper portion of the rodopportunity to rise, even when the lower portion is prevented from suchmovement by the close shutting of the damper, while, in order to allowthe draft to be held closed as pressure decreases, the damper-rod ismade in two vertical sections, detachably connected, as shown at m.

A pin or stud, n, is fixed to the stove at proper distance, so that bydetaching the lower section of the rod and engaging it loosely with theabove, the draft may be maintained closed.

The grated fire-pot is provided with a shaker made with a centralclose-bodied cone, N, and radial arms P. It is reciprocated in rotarymovement over the firepot by a suitable ham dle or lever-arm, andaccomplishes a twofold result. The radial arms act as an anti-clinkerdevice, preventing the cementing of the waste products of thefire-chamber, and under their operation the formation or gathering ofclinkers is obviated, while the conical construction given to thecentral portion of the fire-chamber by the cone of its shaker causes themass of fuel to be consumed about the outer margin of the base, and awayfrom the vertical center of the fuel cylinder. The column of fuel in thelatter is thus protected from the intense heat of the fire action, andis correspondingly reduced in temperature from that which otherwisewould be the case; and the formation of gases, so obnoxious inmagazine-stoves, is obviated, and the fuel-cylinder both rendered cooland free from such gases. Openings R in any number (one or more) may bemade in the side of the boiler, and provided with dark or illuminateddoors, bywhich the firechamber may be readily reached; or the same maybe dispensed with, and the side of the boiler made close-bodied.Safety-valves may be attached to the stoves, f desired, in prevention ofthe steam gathermg too great a pressure.- So, too, it is optionalwhether a supporting -plate giving upper lateral bearing to thesteam-chambers F be used; but I prefer such construction.

Air-escape valves may be connected with the individual steamchambers, tovent the same under the steam-pressure. Such valves may be automatic intheir operation, or controlled by hand.

I have not shown any form of ash-pan or means of outer communicationwith the ash pit, as they may be of any desired nature, and are foreignto the principle of my invention.

The round form of the stove, as shown in the drawing, is simplyarbitrary, and does not affect my invention. Instead of such a style,the horizontal section of the stove may be of any desired character.

It is evident that both the heat-regulating mechanism and the centralconical formation of the shaker in the grated fire-pot may be well usedin respective connections other than with this stove. Hence I do notformally claim them 1n this patent, but reserve them as subect-matterfor other Letters Patent.

Having fully described my invention, what I claim as new, and desire tosecure by Letters Patent, is

1. A magazine steam-radiator stove wherein the top and base portions areconnected by the fuel-magazine, and the latter is surrounded by a seriesof steam-chambers, which serve as the radiating-surface of the bodyportion of the stove, substantially as described.

2. A steam-radiator stove consisting of one or more series of uprightsteam-chambers supported upon and connecting with a boiler formed it itsbase-section, said boiler being made with a downwardly-projectingcentral body, having a central feed-opening and a side extension, thetwo together forming an annular arch in its bottom, substantially asdescribed.

3. In a steam-radiator stove, a boiler located above the fire-chamber inits entire area, and having both a downwardly-projecting central andside ring formations, the two latter forming, as described, a continuousannular firearch between their opposite sides, substantially asdescribed.

4. In a steam-radiator stove, the reservoir attachment H, provided withsteam-pipe J, the two having valves, and adapted, in the mannerdescribed, to maintain a constant waterlevel in the boiler,substantially as set forth.

5. The reservoir attachment H, provided with the water-foot h and sidesteam-pipe J, the same having valves or stop cocks, and adapted,substantially as described, to be readily applied to the outer ormarginal body of the boiler of a steam-radiator stove, substantially asset forth.

6. In a steam-radiator stove, the independent concavo-convex top platesecured upon the upright steam-chambers, and having a side feed-opening,which connects with the upper diagonal passage of the fuel-cylinder,substantially as described.

7. In a steam-radiator stove, the concavoconvex top plate, suitablysecured upon the upright steam-chambers, and provided with thefeed-opening and the hot-air-flue opening, substantially as described.

In testimony that I claim the foregoingI have hereunto set my hand this4th day of June, 1877.

WILLIAM H. BROWN.

Witnesses OAS. BYFIELD, LIVINGSTON HOWLAND.

